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Summary: Agroforestry is vital for land restoration in Rwanda, yet understanding farmers’ preferences is crucial for effective implementation. A study in the Eastern Province surveyed 248 households using a discrete choice experiment. Farmers showed willingness to adopt agroforestry, preferring systems with fruit and non-fruit trees, smaller canopies, and potential maize yield benefits, alongside regular extension support. However, they were averse to higher costs of tree seedlings. Results identified two distinct farmer classes based on plot characteristics and preferences. Recommendations include aligning agroforestry policies with farmer needs, emphasizing proximity to nurseries and affordable seedlings to encourage widespread adoption and sustainable land management.